Territorial planning and ecosystems
The paper describes functional zoning and a coordinated system for managing the uses of land and other territorial space. Ecological protection boundaries, permanent basic cropland and urban-development limits appear alongside ecosystem conservation and restoration. Its spatial approach places environmental objectives within decisions about where development occurs, how different uses are coordinated and which areas require particular protection.
Industrial structure and production
The industrial discussion covers emerging industries, resource-based activities and the regional distribution of production. A further chapter addresses the transformation of traditional industries, greener energy, transport networks and resource efficiency. The emphasis falls on changing both what is produced and how production operates. This gives green development an industrial and infrastructural scope extending beyond individual environmental projects.
Consumption and daily life
The lifestyle chapter concerns conservation awareness, community and household practices, and the market for greener products. Consumption is therefore part of the paper’s account of transformation. Changes in industrial supply, transport and public infrastructure are presented together with the ways people obtain and use goods and services, linking economic organisation with everyday environmental practices.
Institutions and international cooperation
The institutional chapter discusses law, supervision and market mechanisms. The international chapter addresses climate governance, green Belt and Road cooperation, and bilateral and multilateral work. These sections connect domestic administrative tools with China’s participation in wider environmental cooperation. They also show the range of institutions involved in carrying a development approach into practical measures.
Publication: released 19 January 2023; the attached first edition has a January 2023 title page. Its examples and statistics refer to different periods preceding publication. The document explains government ideas, actions and reported achievements; policy instruments and measured environmental outcomes remain distinct parts of that account.
Original source: State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China.
Related reading: Ecology, Science and Technology · Chinese Modernisation.